世界银行-非洲之角的地下水管理：冲突、稀缺和混合治理（英）-2024-6页

POLICYBRIEFGroundwaterManagementintheHornofAfricaConflict,Scarcity,andHybridGovernanceIntheborderlandsoftheHornofAfrica,climatevariabilityandpopulationgrowthareleadingtotheincreasingscarcityofresources,includingpastureandwater.Thispatternisintensifyingvulnerabilityandfuelinglocalconflict,whichisbeingexacerbatedbyweakgovernanceandpoliticalmarginalization(WorldBank2020).Pastoralistlivelihoodsarehighlyvulnerabletoclimatevariation,andthiscanbeadriverofconflictwhensharedresourcesbecomelimitedorcontested.Increasingdroughts,linkedtoclimatechange,areforcingpastoralistgroupstosharedwindlingwaterresourcesmorefrequently,sometimescausingconflicts.Duringdroughts,competitionforwaterescalatesaslargenumbersoflivestockcongregatearoundwatersources.Thisleadstoovercrowdingandcanresultintensionsbetweenherders,settledcommunitiesandotherusers.However,conflictbetweenpastoralistgroupsdoesnotonlyoccurattimesofdrought.Evenduringtherainyseason,futureuncertaintysurroundingwaterandpastureaccesscandriveopportunisticoccupationoflandandwaterresources,resultingincompetitionandonoccasionviolentconflict.CompetitionOverWaterContributestoConflictbutIsRarelytheMainDriverWhileaccesstowateroftenexacerbateslong-standingdisputesbetweencommunities,historiccompetitionattheindividual,clanorcommunallevel,maybeamoresignificantconflictdriver.Pre-existingten...