彼得森经济研究所-东非在美国石墨供应链中的潜在作用（英）-2024.7-14页

1750MassachusettsAvenue,NW|Washington,DC20036-1903USA|+1.202.328.9000|www.piie.comPOLICYBRIEFCullenS.HendrixisseniorfellowatthePetersonInstituteforInternationalEconomics,nonresidentseniorresearchfellowattheCenterforClimate&Security,andfellowatthePayneInstituteattheColoradoSchoolofMines.24-5EastAfrica’sPotentialRoleinUSGraphiteSupplyChainsCullenS.HendrixJuly2024ThisPolicyBriefwassupportedinpartbytheUSDepartmentofDefense(DOD)throughitsDefenseEducationandCivilianUniversityResearch(DECUR)Partnership.TheauthorthanksAlexMartinforcomposingthemapandAsherRoseforresearchassistance.TheimpactofthegreentechtradewarbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina,whichbeganwithUSsemiconductorexportcontrols,isnowbeingfeltinotherareas.InDecember2023,Chinaintroducedexportcontrolsongraphite,akeyelementusedintheproductionofnoncarbontechnologieslikebatteriesandsolarpanels.Theeffectswereimmediate:Chinesegraphiteexportstotherestoftheworlddeclinedby93percent(byvolume)inasinglemonth.ExportstotheUnitedStatesandJapan—whichiscollaboratingwiththeUnitedStatesonsemiconductorcontrols—droppedtozero.1ButalthoughChinaisthelargestplayer,itisnottheonlygraphiteproducerintown.ThisPolicyBriefassessestheprospectsforthreeSub-SaharanAfricancountries—Madagascar,Mozambique,andTanzania—forprovidingstablesuppliesofnaturalgraphitetotheUSmarket,consideringbothdomesticf...