IMF-日本的生育能力：请多生孩子（英）-2024-16页

Japan’sFertility:MoreChildrenPleaseJapanKoheiAsao,DanilaSmirnov,andTengTengXuSIP/2024/025IMFSelectedIssuesPapersarepreparedbyIMFstaffasbackgrounddocumentationforperiodicconsultationswithmembercountries.ItisbasedontheinformationavailableatthetimeitwascompletedonApril15,2024.ThispaperisalsopublishedseparatelyasIMFCountryReportNo.24/119.2024JUN©2024InternationalMonetaryFundSIP/2024/025IMFSelectedIssuesPaperAsiaandPacificDepartmentJapan’sFertility:MoreChildrenPleasePreparedbyKoheiAsao,DanilaSmirnov,andTengTengXuAuthorizedfordistributionbyRanilSalgadoJune2024IMFSelectedIssuesPapersarepreparedbyIMFstaffasbackgrounddocumentationforperiodicconsultationswithmembercountries.ItisbasedontheinformationavailableatthetimeitwascompletedonApril15,2024.ThispaperisalsopublishedseparatelyasIMFCountryReportNo.24/119.ABSTRACT:Japan’sfertilityhasdeclinedinthepastthreedecades.RaisingJapan’sfertilityrateisakeypolicypriorityforthegovernment.Usingcross-countryanalysisandcasestudies,thispaperfindsthatthemostsuccessfulmeasuretosupportthefertilityrateistheprovisionofchildcarefacilities,particularlyforchildrenaged0-2.Offeringstrongerincentivesfortheuseofpaternityleavecanalleviatetheburdenofchildcareonmothers,supportingfertility.Ontheotherhand,thereislimitedevidencethatcashtransfersareeffectiveinsupportingfertility,basedoninternational...