Long-DurationEnergyStorage:EmergingPilotProjectSummariesSI:EPRIInsightwww.epri.com14160694©2024ElectricPowerResearchInstitute,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EmergingLDESTechnologiesOverviewElectrochemical:Usesreversiblechemicalreactionstogenerateelectricity,withlithiumionbatteriesbeingtheprincipaltechnology.Newelectrochemicalbatteriesrepresentapromisingfrontierinlong-durationenergystorage.Thesetechnologiesuselow-costrawmaterialssuchaszincandironintheactivematerialsthatstoreenergy.Thesebatteriesarescalable,withprojectedlowmarginalcostofenergy,makingthemsuitableforapplicationsrequiredsustainedenergydelivery,suchasrenewableintegrationandbackuppower.Mechanical:Harnesseskineticorpotentialenergytostoreandreleaseenergy.Potentialenergysystems,suchaspumpedhydrostorage,usegravityandinvolveliftingmasswhenchargingandloweringittospinageneratortocreatepowerwhendischarging.Kineticenergysystems,suchascompressedairenergystorage(CAES),generallycompressaworkingfluidwhencharging,storingitatpressure,thenexpandingittodriveaturbinewhendischarging.Awidearrayofemergingmechanicalenergystoragesystemsarebeingdeveloped,whichpromiselowercostandhigherround-tripefficiency(RTE),alongwitheasiersiting.Thermal:Storesandreleasesenergyintheformofheat.Heatcaneitherbestoredsensiblyusingmediasuchasconcrete,gravel,sand,orsaltorusingaphase-changematerial,whic...
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