ITIF-评估加拿大的创新、生产力和竞争力（英）-2024.4-68页

ASSESSINGCANADIANINNOVATION,PRODUCTIVITY,ANDCOMPETITIVENESSByRobertD.AtkinsonandLawrenceZhangAPRIL2024innovationpolicy.caAssessingCanadianInnovation,Productivity,andCompetitivenessROBERTD.ATKINSONANDLAWRENCEZHANGAPRIL2024Canadafacesunprecedentedchallengesininnovation,productivity,andcompetitiveness.ThefirststepinaddressingthemistodevelopaclearunderstandingoftheCanadianeconomy’sunderlyingstructureandperformanceineacharea.Policymakersmustthentailorstrategiesforspecificindustriesandtechnologiesinsteadoffocusingonprincipallyonmacrofactors.KEYTAKEAWAYSCanadalagspeercompetitorsonkeyinnovationindicators,particularlyintheareasofresearchanddevelopment,intellectualproperty,andinnovationoutcomes.Canada’sproductivityperformancehasbeendismal.Forcomparison,Americanlabourproductivitygrowthwas160percentfasterthanCanada’sfrom2002to2020—andAmerica’sgrowthinthatperiodwasactuallylowinhistoricalterms.Fromindustrytoindustry,Canadianlabourproductivitygrowthisquitedivergent,withsomesectorsgrowingsubstantiallyandothersactuallydeclining.Canada’scompetitivepositioninadvancedindustriesisweak,asitsglobalmarketshareshavefallendramaticallyoverthelast25years.Itnowhas42percentlessadvanced-industryoutputasashareofitseconomythantheglobalaverage.Canada’scrisiscannotbeadequatelyunderstoodoraddressedbylookingonlyatbroadmacrofacto...