QuantumComputing—TheFutureIsHereYehoshuaKaliskyApril14,2024Theideasbehindquantumcomputingwerefirstproposedinthe1980s,buttheiraccelerateddevelopmentinthelastdecadeheraldsthebeginningofanewscientificandtechnologicalrevolution.Thisisbecausequantumcomputingcomprisesabreakthroughinafieldinwhich“regular“computinghasalmostreacheditsphysicallimits.Thecomputationalpowerofadigitalcomputerdependsonthenumberofchipsperunitofarea,butthisnumberislimitedfortechnologicalandphysicalreasons.Thecomputerandchipindustriesarepushingboththeirbudgetaryandresearchlimits,strivingtominiaturizechips,butitseemsthatitwillbeverydifficulttoincreasethecomputingpoweroftheexistingcomputersbyminiaturizingthebasiccomputationalunits.Thequantumcomputeroffersarevolutionaryalternativeinthefieldofcomputation,withunlimitedapplicationstocivilianandmilitaryobjectives.Quantumtheorydeveloped120yearsagoandcrystallizedasaconsistent,preciseandexperimentally-confirmedtheoryinthe1920sand1930s.Aquantumcomputerappliesthepropertiesofphenomenathatoccurinmatterontheatomicorsubatomiclevel,meaninginextremelysmalldimensions.Atthislevel,themeasuredpropertiesofmatterarecompletelydifferentfromthosemeasuredinourfamiliarmacroscopicphysicalworld,soitisdifficulttoconceiveofthemusinghumanintuitionthatisaccustomedtotheenvironmentofatangibleenvironmentinthreedimensions.Thestr...
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