布鲁盖尔研究所-支持减少对生成人工智能输入和输出的版权保护的经济论据（英）-2024.4-23页

WORKINGPAPERISSUE09/20244APRIL2024ECONOMICARGUMENTSINFAVOUROFREDUCINGCOPYRIGHTPROTECTIONFORGENERATIVEAIINPUTSANDOUTPUTSBERTINMARTENSGenerativeartificialintelligence(GenAI)modelshavestirredconsiderablecontroversyaboutcopyrightprotectionforAItraininginputsandmodeloutputs.TheEuropeanUnion’sAIActwillrequiremodeldeveloperstobetransparentabouttheiruseoftraininginputssuchastext,imagesandmusic.TheEUCopyrightDirectiveallowsfreetextanddataminingofthesemediainputsunlesscopyrightholdershaveoptedoutandwantlicensepayments.Therighttoopt-outamountstoeconomicallyinefficientoverprotectionofcopyright.FreeuseofmediacontentforGenAItrainingdoesnotaffectmediasalestoconsumers.Opt-outsonlystrengthenthebargainingpositionofcopyrightholders,whodecidedependingontheirprivateinterests.Thatgenerateswindfallprofitswithoutanyincreaseinconsumersurplusorsocialwelfare.ThelicensingoftraininginputsreducesthequantityofdataandthequalityofGenAImodels,createstransactioncostsandreducescompetitionbetweenGenAIfirms.ThisslowsdownGenAI-inducedinnovationinmediaproductsandproductionprocesses,andproductivitygainsinallservicesectorsthatapplyGenAI.Ultimately,itslowsdowneconomicgrowthcomparedtowhatitcouldbewithcompetitiveandhigh-qualityGenAI.Bargainingoverlicensepricingisarbitraryasthereisnoobjectiverevenuebenchmarktostartfrom.Defendersofthemoralrighttoremunera...